Modern Physics, 3rd Edition

Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer

Copyright 2005
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Modern Physics 3rd Edition by Raymond A. Serway/Clement J. Moses/Curt A. Moyer

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Overview
Meet the Authors
What's New
Features
Table of Contents
Pricing

Overview

Accessible and flexible, MODERN PHYSICS, Third Edition has been specifically designed to provide simple, clear, and mathematically uncomplicated explanations of physical concepts and theories of modern physics. The authors clarify and show support for these theories through a broad range of current applications and examples-attempting to answer questions such as: What holds molecules together? How do electrons tunnel through barriers? How do electrons move through solids? How can currents persist indefinitely in superconductors? To pique student interest, brief sketches of the historical development of twentieth-century physics such as anecdotes and quotations from key figures as well as interesting photographs of noted scientists and original apparatus are integrated throughout.

The Third Edition has been extensively revised to clarify difficult concepts and thoroughly updated to include rapidly developing technical applications in quantum physics. To complement the analytical solutions in the text and to help students visualize abstract concepts, the new edition also features free online access to QMTools, new platform-independent simulation software created by co-author, Curt Moyer, and developed with support from the National Science Foundation. Icons in the text indicate the problems designed for use with the software.

Meet the Authors

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Raymond A. Serway

Raymond A. Serway is an emeritus at James Madison University. He earned his doctorate at Illinois Institute of Technology. Among his accolades, he has received an honorary doctorate degree from his alma mater, Utica College, the 1990 Madison Scholar Award at James Madison University where he taught for 17 years, the 1977 Distinguished Teaching Award at Clarkson University and the 1985 Alumni Achievement Award from Utica College. As a Guest Scientist at the IBM Research Laboratory in Zurich, Switzerland, Dr. Serway worked with K. Alex Müller, who shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was also a visiting scientist at Argonne National Laboratory where he collaborated with his mentor and friend, the late Sam Marshall. Dr. Serway is the co-author of PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS; COLLEGE PHYSICS; PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS; ESSENTIALS OF COLLEGE PHYSICS; MODERN PHYSICS and the high school textbook PHYSICS, published by Holt McDougal. He has published more than 40 research papers in the field of condensed matter physics and has given more than 60 presentations at professional meetings.

Clement J. Moses

Clement J. Moses is Emeritus Professor of Physics at Utica College. He was born and brought up in Utica, NY, and holds an A.B. from Hamilton College, an M.S. from Cornell University, and a Ph.D. from State University of New York at Binghamton. He has over 30 years of science writing and teaching experience at the college level, and is a co-author of College Physics, 6th edition, with Serway and Faughn. His research work, both in industrial and university settings, has dealt with defects in solids, solar cells, and the dynamics of atoms at surfaces. In addition to science writing, Dr. Moses enjoys reading novels, gardening, cooking, singing, and going to operas.

Curt A. Moyer

Curt A. Moyer is Professor and Chair of the Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography at the University of North Carolina-Wilmington. He came to UNC-Wilmington in 1999. Before that, he had been a member of the Physics Department at Clarkson University since 1974. He has written numerous research articles in the fields of condensed matter physics and surface science. Dr. Moyer is an experienced teacher and an advocate for the uses of computers in education. He prepared the web-based QMTools software that accompanies this text.

What's New

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Former Chapter 1, "Relativity," has been extensively revised and divided into two chapters. New Chapter 1, "Relativity I," contains the history of relativity, new derivations of the Lorentz coordinate and velocity transforms, and a new section on spacetime and causality. New Chapter 2, "Relativity II," covers relativistic dynamics and energy and includes new material on general relativity, gravitational radiation, and the applications GPS (Global Positioning System) and LIGO (the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory).
Ten to fifteen new applications have been added to help students understand how abstract concepts apply to the real world, primarily in engineering scenarios. Some of these include CCD's (charge coupled devices), optical fiber communication, chips, fabricating nanostructures, the Mossbauer effect, MRIs, and determining the age of the Earth.
The previous edition's Modern Physics Desktop Software Package has been replaced with new, online (platform-independent) simulation software: QMTools. Icons in the text highlight the examples and problems designed for use with this software, which provides modeling tools to help students visualize abstract concepts and practice problem solving. All instructions about the general use of the software as well as specific instruction for each problem are contained on the Book Companion Web Site.
End-of-chapter problems, varying in difficulty, test student mastery of chapter concepts and also serve as springboards for classroom discussions. This revision includes approximately 30 new end-of-chapter problems.
Chapter 3, "The Quantum Theory of Light," contains new information about black holes. Chapter 5, "Matter Waves," includes new applications on scanning and transmission electron microscopes.
Chapter 6, "Quantum Mechanics in One Dimension," features a new application on CCD's (Charge Coupled Devices). Chapter 8, "Quantum Mechanics in Three Dimensions," includes a new discussion on the production and spectroscopic study of anti-hydrogen.
Chapter 10, "Statistical Physics," provides new information on the treatments of Bose-Einstein and Fermi condensations showing experimental results. Chapter 11, "Molecular Structure," now includes material on useful types of scattering and spectra such as Raman, Raleigh, fluorescence, and phosphorescence.
A completely updated Chapter 15, "Elementary Particles," includes material on the experimental confirmation of neutrino oscillations, mass, and experimental attempts to detect wimps. Significantly revised Chapter 16, "Cosmology," features a new and complete treatment of cosmology, including expanded coverage of the Big-Bang theory, inflation, the age of the universe, missing mass, and the recently observed repulsion between most distant galaxies.
The majority of the guest essays included in the Second Edition and written by specialists in the field to provide an insider's view of physics, are now available online at the Book Companion Web Site.
While the most important facts about Superconductivity are included in Chapter 12, "The Solid State," the entire Superconductivity chapter from previous editions has now been made available at the Book Companion Web Site. Various appendices and optional derivations also have been moved to the Companion Web Site.

Features

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Worked examples of varying difficulty aid students in understanding important concepts, while exercises following the examples immediately test students comprehension of worked examples and problem-solving techniques.
End-of-chapter problems, color-coded by level of difficulty, challenge student understanding and problem-solving skills.
Optional Special Topic sections offer the student more in-depth treatment of chapter concepts.

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1. RELATIVITY I.
Special Relativity. The Principle of Relativity. The Michelson-Morley Experiment. Postulates of Special Relativity. Consequences of Special Relativity. The Lorentz Transformation. Spacetime and Causality. Summary.
2. RELATIVITY II.
Relativistic Momentum and Relativistic Form of Newton''s Laws. Relativistic Energy. Mass as a Measure of Energy. Conservation of Relativistic Momentum, Mass, and Energy. General Relativity. Summary. Web Essay 1: The Renaissance of General Relativity.
3. THE QUANTUM THEORY OF LIGHT.
Hertz''s Experiments-Light as an Electromagnetic Wave. Blackbody Radiation. The Rayleigh-Jeans Law and Planck''s Law (Online). Light Quantization and the Photoelectric Effect. The Compton Effect and X-Rays. Particle-Wave Complementarity. Does Gravity Affect Light? (Optional). Summary. Web Appendix 1: Calculation of the Number of Modes of Waves in a Cavity.
4. THE PARTICLE NATURE OF MATTER.
The Atomic Nature of Matter. The Composition of Atoms. The Bohr Atom. Bohr''s Correspondence Principle, or Why is Angular Momentum Quantized? Direct Confirmation of Atomic Energy Levels: The Franck-Hertz Experiment. Summary.
5. MATTER WAVES.
The Pilot Waves of de Broglie. The Davisson-Germer Experiment. TEM and SEM microscopes. Wave Groups and Dispersion. Fourier Integrals (Optional). The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. If Electrons Are Waves, What''s Waving? The Wave-Particle Duality. A Final Note. Summary.
6. QUANTUM MECHANICS IN ONE DIMENSION.
The Born Interpretation. Wavefunction for a Free Particle. Wavefunctions in the Presence of Forces. The Particle in a Box. CCD''s. The Finite Square Well (Optional). The Quantum Oscillator. Expectation Values. Observables and Operators. Summary.
7. TUNNELING PHENOMENA.
The Square Barrier. Barrier Penetration: Some Applications. Summary. Essay: The Scanning Tunneling Microscope.
8. QUANTUM MECHANICS IN THREE DIMENSIONS.
Particle in a Three-Dimensional Box. Central Forces and Angular Momentum. Space Quantization. Quantization of Angular Momentum and Energy (Optional). Atomic Hydrogen and Hydrogen-like Ions. Summary.
9. ATOMIC STRUCTURE.
Orbital Magnetism and the Normal Zeeman Effect. The Spinning Electron. The Spin-Orbit Interaction and Other Magnetic Effects. Exchange Symmetry and the Exclusion Principle. Electron Interactions and Screening Effects (Optional). The Periodic Table. X-Ray Spectra and Moseley''s Law. Summary.
10. STATISTICAL PHYSICS.
The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution. Quantum Statistics, Indistinguishability, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Applications of Bose-Einstein Statistics. An Application of Fermi-Dirac Statistics: The Free-Electron Gas Theory of Metals. Summary. Essay: Laser Manipulation of Atoms.
11. MOLECULAR STRUCTURE.
Bonding Mechanisms: A Survey. Molecular Rotation and Vibration. Molecular Spectra. Electron Sharing and the Covalent Bond. Bonding in Complex Molecules (Optional). Summary. Web Appendix 2: Overlap Integrals of Atomic Wavefunctions.
12. THE SOLID STATE.
Bonding in Solids. Classical Free-Electron Model of Metals. Quantum Theory of Metals. Band Theory of Solids. Semiconductor Devices. Lasers. Superconductivity. Summary. Web Essay 2: The Invention of the Laser. Web Essay 3: Photovoltaic Conversion.
13. NUCLEAR STRUCTURE.
Some Properties of Nuclei. Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces. Nuclear Models. Radioactivity. Decay Processes. Natural Radioactivity. Summary.
14. NUCLEAR PHYSICS APPLICATIONS.
Nuclear Reactions. Reaction Cross Section. Interactions Involving Neutrons. Nuclear Fission. Nuclear Reactors. Nuclear Fusion. Recent Fusion Energy Developments. Interaction of Particles with Matter. Radiation Damage in Matter. Radiation Detectors. Summary.
15. ELEMENTARY PARTICLES.
The Fundamental Forces in Nature. Positrons and Other Antiparticles. Mesons and the Beginning of Particle Physics. Classification of Particles. Conservation Laws. Strange Particles and Strangeness. Neutrino Oscillations. How Are Elementary Particles Produced and Particle Properties Measured? The Eightfold Way. Quarks. Colored Quarks, or Quantum Chromodynamics. Electroweak Theory and the Standard Model. The Cosmic Connection. Problems and Perspectives. Summary. Essay: How to Find a Top Quark.
16. COSMOLOGY (AVAILABLE ONLINE ONLY).
The Discovery of the Expanding Universe. Observation of Radiation from the Big Bang. Spectrum Emitted by a Receding Blackbody. Prediction of Primordial Helium. Will the Universe Expand Forever? Critical Density and Missing Mass. Supersymmetry. The Inflationary Universe. Summary.